Ram Kumar Jaiswal1, Ramyash Singh Yadav2, Mridula Ranjan3, Dipti Wahi4, Chiranji Rai5
BACKGROUND
Myopia is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors as well
as gene-environment interactions. It has been recognized as a risk factor for
development of glaucoma. Both Myopia and raised IOP are known to increase
mechanical stress at optic nerve head leading to glaucomatous nerve damage.
This study intends to evaluate the clinical profile of myopic subjects and its
correlation with Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).
METHODS
A prospective observational study done from November 2019 to December 2020
after taking proper informed consent and ethical clearance. 164 eyes of 96 patients
studied were divided into three groups, Group 1: low myopia (< -3.00D), Group
2: moderate myopia (-3.00 D to -5.75 D), Group 3: high myopia (≥ -6.00 D). A
complete ocular examination was performed. Intraocular pressure was measured
using Goldmann applanation tonometer. Visual field analysis using Humphrey
automated perimetry was done in patients with suspected primary open angle
glaucoma (POAG). Angle parameters and central corneal thickness (CCT) were
measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).
RESULTS
164 eyes of 96 Myopic subjects were studied with no dropout during study period.
Mean age was 46.05 yr. (range: 25-75 yr.). The refraction ranged from -0.50 DS
to -17.00 DS. There was no statistically significant difference between Intraocular
pressure (IOP), Central corneal thickness (CCT), corrected IOP and Nasal and
Temporal Trabecular-iris Angle (TIA) between male and female of same age
group. Mean IOP and mean CCT were found to vary significantly with age and
with higher degree of myopia. Corrected IOP, Nasal and Temporal TIA increase
significantly with higher degree of myopia. Cup-disc ratio (CDR) was found to be
significantly higher in patients with moderate to high degree of Myopia.
CONCLUSIONS
Myopia is an important risk factor for development of primary open angle
glaucoma, with its incidence increasing in patients with moderate to high myopia.
