CLINICAL AND MANAGEMENT PROFILE OF HYPONATRAEMIA IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL

Abstract

Bishwaranjan Mohanty1, Nihar Nalini Senapati2, Chittaranjan Kar3, Sujata Naik4, Smarak Ranjan Panda5, Bapu Nayak6, Shashi Bhusan Rout7, Prasant Kumar Sahu8

Hyponatraemia is an electrolyte disorder defined by blood sodium level < 135 mmol/L. It is a clinical emergency. It may be acute or chronic depending on duration and may be hypervolaemic, euvolaemic or hypovolaemic. In this observational study, a total of 111 patients were included. Out of them, 75% were male and 25% were female. Most patients were of 4th decade (72%). Among them, 22% in CKD stage II, 24% in stage III, 29% in stage IV and 25% were in stage V and 75% of patients presented with acute and severe hyponatraemia. Hiccup (38%) was the major symptom, followed by vomiting, dehydration, confusion. Among the modes of treatment used, 3% hypertonic saline was used in majority. Duration of treatment in acute and chronic hyponatraemia was average of 3 and 5 days respectively. Despite judicious treatment, 1 patient developed symptoms and signs of demyelination on next day of treatment. Patient was treated with Inj. methylprednisolone. Among the chronic hyponatraemia patients, 1 patient suffered from extrapontine myelinosis who recovered with supportive treatment. About 66% patients presented with hypovolaemic hyponatraemia due to exacerbating factors such as vomiting, infection, injudicious use of diuretic, dehydration of unknown cause.

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